Area Formulas
Rectangle: A = length × width
Triangle: A = (base × height) / 2
Circle: A = π × radius²
Perimeter and Circumference
Rectangle: P = 2(length + width)
Circle: C = 2 × π × radius
Volume Formulas
Rectangular Prism: V = length × width × height
Cylinder: V = π × radius² × height
Sphere: V = (4/3) × π × radius³
Pythagorean Theorem
a² + b² = c²
For right triangles only. c is always the hypotenuse (longest side).
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